With the continuous decline of temperature, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have entered the season of high incidence and recurrence. Through clinical observation, the following populations are prone to cerebrovascular diseases:
Patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia; Men over 40 years old; White collar workers in the workplace; People who live irregularly and are fond of many things; People who take contraceptives for a long time; People living in high and cold areas.
How to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and identify cerebrovascular diseases early?
1、 Early recognition of cerebral hemorrhage:
If the patient has symptoms such as mouth and eye deviation, limb numbness, dizziness and headache, nausea and vomiting, paralysis and coma, it may be cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction. At this time, do not move the patient, but contact the emergency center in time for professional treatment.
2、 Early recognition of angina:
If there is pain behind the sternum or in the front chest, chest tightness and shortness of breath after tiredness or emotional excitement, the possibility of angina should be considered. You can go to the hospital for ECG examination, exercise treadmill test or coronary CT examination to assist in diagnosis. Patients with angina pectoris should immediately take a rest on the spot and take orally the heart saving medicine when their condition breaks out. If there is no obvious remission of the disease, or even symptoms such as irritability, sweating, pallor, nausea, vomiting, cough and shortness of breath, it may be myocardial infarction. Send to the hospital for emergency treatment immediately.
3、 Control blood sugar:
In winter, the blood sugar level is most likely to rise, because on the one hand, the lower temperature will stimulate the sympathetic nerve, increase the secretion of catecholamines in the body, and cause blood sugar fluctuations. On the other hand, in winter, exercise decreases, appetite increases, and blood sugar increases. Appropriate exercise for diabetes patients can stabilize blood sugar. Before exercise, blood sugar self-monitoring must be carried out to avoid exercise when blood sugar is too high (more than 16mmol/L) or too low (less than 3.6mmol/L), otherwise it will cause metabolic disorder.
4、 Control blood lipid:
Winter is a cold season, and the reduction of outdoor activities, coupled with winter tonic, can easily lead to increased blood lipids. It is recommended to eat more cereals, beans, vegetables and fruits in winter, and eat less food with more animal fat and cholesterol. It is recommended to eat more fatty fish, because fish oil has the effect of lowering blood pressure and fat. Prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
5、 Control blood pressure:
In winter, the blood vessels contract and the elasticity of the blood vessels is weakened, causing the increase of vascular resistance and blood pressure. If the dosage of hypertensive patients is reduced due to the decrease of blood pressure in summer, the dosage in winter should be restored to the original dosage. If the dose is not reduced in summer, the dose shall be appropriately increased according to the blood pressure when winter comes. Taking time is also important. You should take antihypertensive drugs before the peak of blood pressure. Some patients with high blood pressure in the early morning are recommended to take antihypertensive drugs when they wake up every day. The blood pressure of hypertensive patients fluctuates greatly day and night, and the blood pressure will drop at night. If a large number of antihypertensive drugs are taken before going to bed, the blood pressure may be low in the early morning, and the blood flow may be slow, which may cause insufficient blood supply to the heart and brain vessels in serious cases.
6、 Adjust your mood and don't get excited:
Short sunshine in winter, prone to depression or irritability. Emotional tension and overexcitement can cause high blood pressure and blood lipid, which are not conducive to the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, we should be open-minded and keep a stable mood.
7、 Healthy lifestyle:
Take part in outdoor sports in summer to reserve sufficient vitamin D for winter; Pay attention to keeping warm. Try to avoid outdoor activities when the temperature is below zero and in snowy days. Keep warm when going out.
